Lokacin da muka ga samfurori da aka yi da sufiberglass, Mu sau da yawa kawai lura da bayyanar su da amfani, amma da wuya la'akari: Menene tsarin ciki na wannan siriri baki ko fari filament? Daidai waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa waɗanda ba a gani ba ne ke ba da fiberglass kayan sa na musamman, kamar ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, juriya mai zafi, da juriya na lalata. A yau, za mu shiga cikin "duniya ta ciki" na fiberglass don bayyana asirin tsarinsa.
Gidauniyar Microscopic: "Oda mara kyau" a Matsayin Atom
Daga hangen nesa, babban bangaren fiberglass shine silicon dioxide (yawanci 50% -70% ta nauyi), tare da wasu abubuwa kamar calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, da aluminum oxide da aka kara don daidaita kayan sa. Shirye-shiryen waɗannan kwayoyin halitta suna ƙayyade ainihin halayen fiberglass.
Ba kamar “tsari mai tsayi” na atom a cikin kayan kristal (kamar karafa ko lu'ulu'u na ma'adini), tsarin atomic a cikin fiberglass yana nunawa."Oda gajere, cuta mai tsayi."A taƙaice, a cikin wani yanki (a cikin kewayon ƴan zarra), kowane siliki atom yana haɗe tare da atom ɗin oxygen guda huɗu, suna samar da dala-kamar."Silica tetrahedron"tsari. An ba da odar wannan tsari na gida. Duk da haka, akan sikelin da ya fi girma, waɗannan silica tetrahedra ba sa yin lattice na yau da kullum kamar a cikin crystal. Madadin haka, an haɗa su ba tare da izini ba kuma an jera su cikin rugujewar hanya, kamar tarin tubalan gini da aka haɗa cikin haɗari, suna samar da tsarin gilashin amorphous.
Wannan tsarin amorphous yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman bambance-bambance tsakaninfiberglassda gilashin talakawa. A lokacin aikin sanyaya na gilashin yau da kullun, atom suna da isasshen lokaci don samar da ƙananan lu'ulu'u, waɗanda aka ba da umarnin gida, wanda ke haifar da ɓarna mafi girma. Akasin haka, fiberglass ana yin shi ta hanyar miƙewa da sauri da sanyaya narkakkar gilashin. Atom ɗin ba su da lokacin tsara kansu cikin tsari mai kyau kuma suna “daskararre” a cikin wannan yanayi mara kyau, amorphous. Wannan yana rage lahani a kan iyakokin crystal, yana barin fiber don kula da kaddarorin gilashi yayin samun mafi kyawun ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
Tsarin monofilament: Ƙungiyar Uniform daga "Fata" zuwa "Core"
Fiberglass da muke gani a zahiri ya ƙunshi da yawamonofilaments, amma kowane monofilament cikakken tsarin naúrar a kanta. A monofilament yawanci yana da diamita na 5-20 micrometers (kimanin 1/5 zuwa 1/2 diamita na gashin mutum). Tsarinsa uniform ne"Silinda mai ƙarfi"ba tare da bayyana Layering ba. Duk da haka, daga hangen nesa na rarraba abun da ke cikin microscopic, akwai bambance-bambancen "fata-core" da hankali.
A lokacin aikin zane, yayin da aka fitar da narkakkar gilashin daga ƙananan ramukan spinneret, saman yana yin sanyi da sauri idan aka haɗu da iska, yana yin sirara sosai."fata"Layer (kimanin 0.1-0.5 micrometers kauri). Wannan fatar fata tana yin sanyi da sauri fiye da na ciki"core."A sakamakon haka, abun ciki na silicon dioxide a cikin fatar fata ya ɗan fi girma fiye da na asali, kuma tsarin atomic yana da yawa tare da ƙananan lahani. Wannan bambance-bambancen dabara a cikin abun da ke ciki da tsari yana sa saman monofilament ya fi ƙarfi a cikin taurin da juriya na lalata fiye da ainihin. Har ila yau, yana rage yiwuwar fashewar sararin samaniya - gazawar kayan aiki sau da yawa yana farawa tare da lahani na sama, kuma wannan fata mai yawa yana aiki a matsayin "harsashi" mai kariya ga monofilament.
Bugu da ƙari, da dabarar fata-core bambanci, mai ingancifiberglassmonofilament shima yana da ma'auni mai ma'ana mai ma'ana sosai a sashin giciye, tare da kuskuren diamita wanda yawanci ana sarrafa shi zuwa tsakanin mitoci 1. Wannan daidaitaccen tsarin tsarin geometric yana tabbatar da cewa lokacin da aka damu da monofilament, ana rarraba damuwa a ko'ina a duk sassan giciye, yana hana ƙaddamar da damuwa ta hanyar rashin daidaituwa na kauri na gida kuma ta haka yana inganta ƙarfin juzu'i.
Tsarin Gari: Haɗin da aka ba da oda na "Yarn" da "Fabric"
Duk da yake monofilaments suna da ƙarfi, diamitansu yana da kyau sosai don amfani da shi kaɗai. Saboda haka, fiberglass yawanci ya wanzu a cikin nau'i na a"na gama gari,"mafi yawanci kamar"Fiberglass yarn"kuma"Fiberglass masana'anta."Tsarin su shine sakamakon umarnin hadewar monofilaments.
Fiberglass tarin tarin dozin zuwa dubbai na monofilaments, wanda aka haɗa ta kowane ɗayan"karkacewa"ko kuma kasancewa"ba a karkace."Untwisted yarn wani sako-sako da tarin monofilaments masu kama da juna, tare da tsari mai sauƙi, da farko ana amfani dashi don yin gilashin ulu, yankakken zaruruwa, da dai sauransu. Twisted yarn, a gefe guda, yana samuwa ta hanyar karkatar da monofilaments tare, ƙirƙirar tsarin karkace mai kama da zaren auduga. Wannan tsarin yana ƙara ƙarfin ɗaure tsakanin monofilaments, yana hana zaren daga kwancewa a ƙarƙashin damuwa, yana sa ya dace da saƙa, iska, da sauran dabarun sarrafawa. The"ƙidaya"na yarn (ma'auni mai nuna adadin monofilaments, alal misali, yarn tex 1200 ya ƙunshi 1200 monofilaments) da"karkace"(yawan jujjuyawar kowane tsayin raka'a) kai tsaye ƙayyade ƙarfin yarn, sassauci, da aikin sarrafawa na gaba.
Fiberglass wani tsari ne mai kama da takarda wanda aka yi daga zaren fiberglass ta hanyar saƙa. Saƙa na asali guda uku sune bayyananne, twill, da satin.Saƙa a filimasana'anta da aka kafa ta hanyar musanya interlacing na warp da weft yarns, haifar da wani m tsari tare da low permeability amma uniform ƙarfi, sa shi dace a matsayin tushe abu ga hadaddun kayan. A cikitwill saƙamasana'anta, warp da weft yarns sun haɗu a cikin rabo na 2: 1 ko 3: 1, ƙirƙirar ƙirar diagonal a saman. Ya fi sassauƙa fiye da saƙa na fili kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don samfuran da ke buƙatar lanƙwasa ko siffata.Saƙar satinyana da ƴan maki masu tsaka-tsaki, tare da yadudduka ko yadudduka masu tasowa masu ci gaba da shawagi a saman. Wannan saƙar yana da laushi don taɓawa kuma yana da ƙasa mai santsi, yana sa ya dace da kayan ado ko ƙananan sassa.
Ko yadudduka ko masana'anta, ainihin tsarin gama kai shine cimma ingantaccen aikin"1+1>2"ta hanyar haɗin da aka ba da umarnin monofilaments. Awofiilements suna ba da ainihin ƙarfi, yayin da tsarin gama gari yana ba da siffofin abu daban-daban, sassauƙa, da sarrafa haɓakar haɓakawa, daga rufi zuwa karfafa gwiwa.
Lokacin aikawa: Satumba-16-2025
