Idan muka ga kayayyakin da aka yifiberglass, sau da yawa muna lura da kamanninsu da amfaninsu kawai, amma ba kasafai muke la'akari da: Menene tsarin ciki na wannan siririn filament baƙi ko fari ba? Waɗannan ƙananan tsarin da ba a gani ba ne ke ba fiberglass halayensa na musamman, kamar ƙarfi mai yawa, juriyar zafin jiki mai yawa, da juriyar tsatsa. A yau, za mu zurfafa cikin "duniyar ciki" ta fiberglass don bayyana asirin tsarinsa.
Gidauniyar Microscopic: "Tsarin da ya lalace" a matakin Atomic
Daga mahangar atomic, babban sinadarin fiberglass shine silicon dioxide (yawanci kashi 50%-70% ta nauyi), tare da wasu abubuwa kamar calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, da aluminum oxide da aka ƙara don daidaita halayensa. Tsarin waɗannan ƙwayoyin zarra yana ƙayyade ainihin halayen fiberglass.
Ba kamar "tsarin dogon zango" na ƙwayoyin halitta a cikin kayan lu'ulu'u ba (kamar ƙarfe ko lu'ulu'u na quartz), tsarin atom a cikin fiberglass yana nuna"tsari na ɗan gajeren lokaci, rashin tsari na dogon lokaci."A taƙaice dai, a wani yanki na gida (cikin kewayon ƙwayoyin zarra kaɗan), kowace ƙwayar zarra ta silicon tana haɗuwa da ƙwayoyin zarra huɗu na iskar oxygen, suna samar da wani nau'in pyramid."Silica tetrahedron"Tsarin tsari. An tsara wannan tsari na gida. Duk da haka, a kan babban sikelin, waɗannan tetrahedra na silica ba sa samar da layi mai maimaitawa akai-akai kamar a cikin lu'ulu'u. Madadin haka, ana haɗa su bazuwar kuma ana tara su cikin tsari mara tsari, kamar tarin tubalan gini da aka haɗa ba zato ba tsammani, suna samar da tsarin gilashi mara tsari.
Wannan tsarin amorphous yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan bambance-bambance tsakaninfiberglassda kuma gilashin yau da kullun. A lokacin sanyaya gilashin yau da kullun, ƙwayoyin halitta suna da isasshen lokaci don samar da ƙananan lu'ulu'u da aka tsara a gida, wanda ke haifar da raguwar ƙarfi. Sabanin haka, ana yin fiberglass ta hanyar miƙewa da sanyaya gilashin da aka narke cikin sauri. Kwayoyin halitta ba su da lokacin shirya kansu cikin tsari kuma suna "daskarewa" a cikin wannan yanayi mara tsari, mara tsari. Wannan yana rage lahani a iyakokin lu'ulu'u, yana ba da damar zaren ya kiyaye halayen gilashin yayin da yake samun ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai kyau.
Tsarin Filayen Hannu: Abu ɗaya tilo daga "Fata" zuwa "Tushen"
Fiberglass da muke gani a zahiri ya ƙunshi abubuwa da yawamonofilaments, amma kowace monofilament cikakkiyar siffa ce ta tsari a cikin kanta. monofilament yawanci yana da diamita na micromita 5-20 (kimanin diamita na gashin ɗan adam 1/5 zuwa 1/2). Tsarinsa iri ɗaya ne."Siffar silinda mai ƙarfi"ba tare da wani tsari na musamman ba. Duk da haka, daga mahangar rarrabawar ƙananan halittu, akwai ƙananan bambance-bambancen "fata-zurfin" fata.
A lokacin zane, yayin da ake fitar da gilashin da aka narke daga ƙananan ramukan spinneret, saman yana yin sanyi da sauri lokacin da ya taɓa iska, yana samar da siriri sosai"fata"Layer (kauri mai kauri kimanin micromita 0.1-0.5). Wannan Layer na fata yana sanyaya da sauri fiye da na ciki."cibiya."Sakamakon haka, yawan sinadarin silicon dioxide da ke cikin fatar ya ɗan fi na tsakiya girma, kuma tsarin atomic ɗin ya fi yawa tare da ƙarancin lahani. Wannan bambancin da ke cikin abun da ke ciki da tsari yana sa saman monofilament ya fi ƙarfi a cikin tauri da juriyar tsatsa fiye da tsakiyar. Hakanan yana rage yiwuwar fashewar saman - gazawar abu sau da yawa yana farawa da lahani na saman, kuma wannan fata mai kauri tana aiki azaman "harsashi" mai kariya ga monofilament.
Baya ga bambancin fata mai zurfi da kuma ainihin fata, wani babban ingancifiberglassMonofilament kuma yana da daidaito mai zagaye sosai a cikin sashin giciye, tare da kuskuren diamita wanda yawanci ana sarrafa shi zuwa cikin micrometer 1. Wannan tsarin geometric iri ɗaya yana tabbatar da cewa lokacin da aka matsa monofilament, damuwar tana yaɗuwa daidai gwargwado a duk faɗin sashin giciye, yana hana yawan damuwa da rashin daidaituwar kauri na gida ke haifarwa kuma ta haka yana inganta ƙarfin juriya gaba ɗaya.
Tsarin Haɗaka: Haɗin "Zare" da "Masaka" da aka tsara
Duk da cewa monofilaments suna da ƙarfi, diamitarsu ya yi kyau sosai don a yi amfani da su kaɗai. Saboda haka, fiberglass yawanci yana samuwa a cikin nau'in"Tare da jama'a,"mafi yawanci kamar"Zaren fiberglass"kuma"Masarar fiberglass."Tsarinsu ya samo asali ne daga haɗuwar monofilaments da aka tsara.
Zaren fiberglass tarin dubbai ne zuwa dubban monofilaments, waɗanda aka haɗa ta hanyar ɗaya daga cikinsu"karkatarwa"ko kuma kasancewa"ba a canza ba."Zaren da ba a juya ba tarin monofilaments ne masu layi daya, tare da tsari mai sauƙi, wanda galibi ana amfani da shi don yin ulu na gilashi, zare masu yankewa, da sauransu. Zaren da aka juya, a gefe guda, ana samar da shi ta hanyar murɗa monofilaments tare, yana ƙirƙirar tsarin karkace mai kama da zaren auduga. Wannan tsarin yana ƙara ƙarfin ɗaurewa tsakanin monofilaments, yana hana zaren warwarewa a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba, yana mai da shi dacewa da saƙa, lanƙwasawa, da sauran dabarun sarrafawa."ƙidaya"na zaren (ma'aunin da ke nuna adadin monofilaments, misali, zaren 1200 tex ya ƙunshi monofilaments 1200) da kuma"juyawa"(adadin jujjuyawar kowace tsawon raka'a) kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ƙarfin zaren, sassauci, da kuma aikin sarrafawa na gaba.
Yadin fiberglass tsari ne mai kama da takarda wanda aka yi da zaren fiberglass ta hanyar sakawa. Saƙa guda uku na asali sune sassaka marasa tsari, twill, da satin.Saƙa mara layiAna samar da yadi ta hanyar canza layi tsakanin zaren da aka yi da zare, wanda ke haifar da tsari mai tsauri tare da ƙarancin iska mai shiga amma ƙarfi iri ɗaya, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da kayan da aka haɗa.saka twillYadi, zaren da aka yi da zare, da kuma zaren da aka yi da zare suna haɗuwa a cikin rabo na 2:1 ko 3:1, suna ƙirƙirar tsarin diagonal a saman. Ya fi sassauƙa fiye da saƙa mara sassauƙa kuma galibi ana amfani da shi don samfuran da ke buƙatar lanƙwasa ko siffantawa.Saƙa ta Satinyana da ƙananan wuraren da ke haɗa laƙabi, tare da zaren da aka zana ko na saka suna samar da layuka masu iyo a saman. Wannan saƙa yana da laushi idan aka taɓa shi kuma yana da santsi, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da kayan ado ko kayan da ba su da ƙarfi.
Ko zare ne ko yadi, ainihin tsarin haɗin gwiwa shine cimma haɓaka aiki"1+1>2"ta hanyar haɗakar monofilaments da aka tsara. monofilaments suna ba da ƙarfi na asali, yayin da tsarin haɗin gwiwa yana ba kayan siffofi daban-daban, sassauci, da daidaitawar sarrafawa don biyan buƙatu daban-daban, daga rufin zafi zuwa ƙarfafa tsarin.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-16-2025
