Superconductivity wani al'amari ne na zahiri wanda juriyar wutar lantarki ta wani abu ya faɗi zuwa sifili a wani yanayi mai mahimmanci.Ka'idar Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer (BCS) bayani ne mai inganci, wanda ke bayyana babban aiki a yawancin kayan.Ya nuna cewa nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i-nau'i na lantarki suna samuwa a cikin ƙwanƙwasa crystal a ƙananan zafin jiki, kuma cewa BCS superconductivity ya fito ne daga ma'auni.Ko da yake graphene kanta kyakkyawan jagorar lantarki ne, baya nuna babban aiki na BCS saboda danne hulɗar phonon na lantarki.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa mafi yawan masu jagoranci "mai kyau" (kamar zinariya da jan karfe) su ne "mara kyau" superconductors.
Masu bincike a Cibiyar Nazarin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Halittu (PCS) a Cibiyar Kimiyyar Kimiyya (IBS, Koriya ta Kudu) sun ba da rahoton wani sabon hanyar da za a iya cimma nasara a cikin graphene.Sun sami wannan nasarar ta hanyar ba da shawarar tsarin gauraye wanda ya ƙunshi graphene da Bose-Einstein condensate mai girma biyu (BEC).An buga binciken a cikin mujallar 2D Materials.
Tsarin matasan da ya ƙunshi gas ɗin lantarki (saman Layer) a cikin graphene, wanda ya rabu da nau'in nau'in Bose-Einstein mai girma biyu, wanda ke wakilta ta kaikaice excitons (blue and ja layers).Ana haɗe electrons da exciton a cikin graphene da ƙarfin Coulomb.
(a) Dogaro da zafin jiki na babban rata a cikin tsarin tsaka-tsaki na bogolon tare da gyare-gyaren zafin jiki (layin da aka lalata) kuma ba tare da gyare-gyaren zafin jiki ba (layi mai ƙarfi).(b) Mahimmancin zafin jiki na canji mai girma a matsayin aikin haɓakar ƙima don hulɗar haɗin gwiwar bogolon tare da (layin da aka datse ja) kuma ba tare da (layi mai ƙarfi ba) gyaran zafin jiki.Layin shuɗi mai dige-dige yana nuna zafin canjin BKT azaman aikin ƙarancin ƙima.
Baya ga superconductivity, BEC wani lamari ne da ke faruwa a ƙananan yanayin zafi.Wannan dai shi ne yanayi na biyar na kwayoyin halitta da Einstein ya fara annabta a shekarar 1924. Samuwar BEC na faruwa ne a lokacin da kwayoyin halitta masu karancin kuzari suka taru suka shiga yanayin makamashi iri daya, wanda wani fanni ne na bincike mai zurfi a fannin kimiyyar lissafi.Tsarin tsarin Bose-Fermi da gaske yana wakiltar hulɗar Layer na electrons tare da Layer na bosons, irin su exciton kai tsaye, exciton-polarons, da sauransu.Mu'amalar Bose da Fermi ta haifar da labarai iri-iri da kuma al'amura masu ban sha'awa, wanda ya tada sha'awar bangarorin biyu.Mahimmanci da hangen nesa na aikace-aikace.
A cikin wannan aikin, masu binciken sun ba da rahoton wani sabon tsarin sarrafawa a cikin graphene, wanda ya faru ne saboda hulɗar tsakanin electrons da "bogolons" maimakon phonons a cikin tsarin BCS na yau da kullum.Bogolons ko Bogoliubov quasiparticles sune abubuwan ban sha'awa a cikin BEC, waɗanda ke da wasu halaye na barbashi.A cikin wasu jeri na siga, wannan injin yana ba da damar babban zafin jiki mai mahimmanci a cikin graphene ya kai sama da 70 Kelvin.Masu bincike kuma sun ƙirƙiri sabon ƙa'idar BCS microscopic wanda ke mai da hankali musamman kan tsarin da ya danganci sabon graphene matasan.Samfurin da suka ba da shawarar kuma ya yi hasashen cewa abubuwan haɓakawa na iya haɓaka tare da zafin jiki, wanda ke haifar da dogaro da yanayin zafin da ba monotonic ba na rata mai ƙarfi.
Bugu da kari, bincike ya nuna cewa Dirac dispersion na graphene ana kiyaye shi a cikin wannan makirci na bogolon.Wannan yana nuna cewa wannan na'ura mai ƙarfi ta haɗa da electrons tare da tarwatsawa mai kama da juna, kuma ba a bincika wannan lamarin da kyau ba a cikin ilimin kimiyyar kwayoyin halitta.
Wannan aikin yana bayyana wata hanyar da za a iya samun babban zafin jiki.A lokaci guda, ta hanyar sarrafa kaddarorin condensate, za mu iya daidaita superconductivity na graphene.Wannan yana nuna wata hanya don sarrafa manyan na'urori a nan gaba.
Lokacin aikawa: Yuli-16-2021 
