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Fiberglass kyakkyawan aiki ne na kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba, fa'idodi iri-iri sune kyakkyawan rufi, juriya ga zafi, juriya ga tsatsa, ƙarfin injina mai yawa, amma rashin amfaninsa yana da rauni, juriya ga lalacewa ba shi da kyau. Gilashi ne mai ƙwallon gilashi ko gilashin sharar gida a matsayin kayan da aka yi amfani da su ta hanyar narkewar zafin jiki mai yawa, zane, naɗewa, saƙa da sauran hanyoyin zuwa diamita na monofilament na microns kaɗan zuwa fiye da microns 20, daidai da gashi 1/20-1/5, kowane tarin zare ta ɗaruruwa ko ma dubban monofilaments waɗanda aka yi da siliki danye.Gilashin fiberglassYawanci ana amfani da shi azaman kayan ƙarfafawa a cikin kayan haɗin gwiwa, kayan rufin lantarki da kayan rufin zafi, allunan da'ira da sauran fannoni na tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
1, Halayen jiki na fiberglass
Yanayin narkewa 680 ℃
Tafasar wurin 1000 ℃
Yawan 2.4-2.7g/cm³

2, Sinadaran sinadarai
Babban abubuwan da aka haɗa sune silica, alumina, calcium oxide, boron oxide, magnesium oxide, sodium oxide, da sauransu, gwargwadon adadin abubuwan da ke cikin gilashin za a iya raba su zuwa zaruruwan gilashin da ba na alkaline ba (sodium oxide 0% zuwa 2%, gilashin borosilicate ne na aluminum), matsakaicin fiberglass na alkali (sodium oxide 8% zuwa 12%, gilashin soda-lime silicate ne mai ɗauke da boron ko kuma ba tare da boron ba) da kuma babban fiberglass na alkali (sodium oxide 13% ko fiye, gilashin silicate ne na soda-lime). ).

3, kayan aiki da kuma amfanin su
Fiberglass fiye da zare na halitta, zafin jiki mai yawa, ba mai ƙonewa ba, hana lalata, rufin zafi da sauti, ƙarfin tauri mai ƙarfi, kyakkyawan rufin lantarki. Amma mai rauni, rashin juriya ga gogewa. Ana amfani da shi wajen ƙera robobi masu ƙarfi ko roba mai ƙarfi, kamar yadda kayan ƙarfafawa na fiberglass yana da halaye masu zuwa, waɗannan halaye suna sa amfani da fiberglass ya fi sauran nau'ikan zare girma nesa da saurin haɓakawa kuma ya fi gaban halayensa nesa da waɗannan halaye an jera su a ƙasa:
(1) Ƙarfin juriya mai yawa, ƙaramin tsayi (3%).
(2) Babban ma'aunin sassauci, kyakkyawan tauri.
(3) Tsawaita a cikin iyakokin sassauci da ƙarfin juriya mai yawa, don haka shan kuzarin tasiri.
(4) Zaren da ba ya ƙonewa, mai kyau ga sinadarai, mai juriya ga sinadarai.
(5) Ƙaramin shan ruwa.
(6) Kyakkyawan daidaito da juriya ga zafi.
(7) Kyakkyawan sarrafawa, ana iya yin shi zuwa zare, fakiti, jijiyoyi, yadi da sauran nau'ikan samfura daban-daban.
(8) Kayayyakin da ba su da haske na iya isar da haske.
(9) An kammala ƙirƙirar maganin shafawa na saman da ke da kyakkyawan mannewa ga resin.
(10) Mai rahusa.
(11) Ba shi da sauƙin ƙonewa kuma ana iya haɗa shi cikin ƙwallo mai kama da gilashi a zafin jiki mai yawa.
Fiberglass bisa ga tsari da tsayi, ana iya raba shi zuwa zare mai ci gaba, zare mai tsayi da ulu na gilashi; bisa ga tsarin gilashin, ana iya raba shi zuwa marasa alkali, masu juriya ga sinadarai, masu juriya ga alkali, masu juriya ga alkali, masu ƙarfi, masu juriya ga alkali da fiberglass mai juriya ga alkali (masu hana alkali) da sauransu.

4, manyan kayan aikin samar dafiberglass
A halin yanzu, manyan kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da fiberglass a cikin gida sune yashi mai siffar quartz, alumina da chlorite, farar ƙasa, dolomite, boric acid, soda ash, manganese, fluorite da sauransu.

5, hanyoyin samarwa
Kusan an raba shi zuwa rukuni biyu: ɗaya an yi shi da gilashin narke kai tsaye zuwa zare;
Da farko ana yin nau'in gilashin da aka narke da ƙwallo ko sanduna masu diamita na 20mm, sannan a sake narke su ta hanyoyi daban-daban don dumama da aka yi da zare mai laushi mai diamita na 3 ~ 80μm.
Ta hanyar farantin ƙarfe na platinum zuwa hanyar zane na injiniya don jawo tsawon zaren mara iyaka, wanda aka sani da zaren gilashi mai ci gaba, wanda aka fi sani da dogon zare.
Ta hanyar naɗi ko iskar da aka yi da zare masu katsewa, wanda aka sani da fiberglass mai tsayi, wanda aka fi sani da gajerun zare.

6, rarrabuwar fiberglass
Fiberglass bisa ga abun da ke ciki, yanayi da amfani, an raba shi zuwa matakai daban-daban.
Dangane da matakin tanadi na yau da kullun, zare na gilashi na E-class shine mafi yawan amfani, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin kayan rufin lantarki;
S-class don zare na musamman.
Samar da fiberglass da gilashi ya bambanta da sauran kayayyakin gilashi.
Tsarin fiberglass na duniya da aka yi ciniki a kai shine kamar haka:

(1) Gilashin lantarki
Gilashin da ba shi da alkali, kuma an san shi da gilashin borosilicate. A halin yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a gilashin fiber gilashi, tare da kyawawan kayan rufin lantarki da halayen injiniya, ana amfani da shi sosai wajen samar da rufin lantarki tare da fiber gilashi, kuma ana amfani da shi da yawa don samar da fiberglass don filastik da aka ƙarfafa, rashin amfanin sa yana da sauƙin lalata shi ta hanyar acid na inorganic, don haka bai dace da amfani da shi a cikin muhallin acidic ba.

(2) Gilashin C
Ana kuma san shi da gilashin alkali matsakaici, wanda ke da alaƙa da juriyar sinadarai, musamman juriyar acid ya fi gilashin alkali kyau, amma halayen wutar lantarki na ƙarancin ƙarfin injiniya yana ƙasa da zaruruwan gilashin alkali 10% zuwa 20%, yawanci zaruruwan gilashin alkali matsakaici na ƙasashen waje suna ɗauke da wani adadin boron dioxide, kuma zaruruwan gilashin alkali matsakaici na China ba su da boron gaba ɗaya. A ƙasashen waje, ana amfani da fiberglass na alkali matsakaici kawai don samar da samfuran fiberglass masu jure tsatsa, kamar don samar da tabarmar saman fiber gilashi, da sauransu, wanda kuma ake amfani da shi don haɓaka kayan rufin kwalta, amma a ƙasarmu, fiberglass na alkali matsakaici yana mamaye babban ɓangaren samar da fiber gilashi (60%), wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin haɓaka filastik da aka ƙarfafa da kuma masana'anta na tacewa, masana'anta na naɗewa, da sauransu, saboda farashinsa ya yi ƙasa da farashin zaruruwan gilashin da ba alkaline ba kuma yana da ƙarfi a gasa.

(3) Fiberglass mai ƙarfi sosai
An san shi da ƙarfi mai yawa da kuma babban modulus, yana da ƙarfin firam guda ɗaya na 2800MPa, wanda ya fi ƙarfin firam ɗin fiberglass mara alkali kusan 25%, da kuma ƙarfin sassauci na 86,000MPa, wanda ya fi na zaren E-glass girma. Kayayyakin FRP da aka samar da su galibi ana amfani da su a fannin soja, sararin samaniya, sulke masu hana harsashi da kayan wasanni. Duk da haka, saboda tsadar farashi, yanzu a fannin farar hula ba za a iya haɓaka su ba, samar da kayayyaki a duniya ya kai tan dubu kaɗan ko makamancin haka.

(4)Fiberglass na AR
Fiberglass mai jure wa alkali, wanda aka fi sani da fiberglass mai jure wa alkali, siminti ne da aka ƙarfafa (siminti) (wanda ake kira GRC), kuma yana da zare 100% marasa tsari, a cikin abubuwan siminti marasa nauyi shine madadin ƙarfe da asbestos. Fiberglass mai jure wa alkali yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga alkali, yana iya tsayayya da lalacewar manyan abubuwan alkali a cikin siminti, riƙewa mai ƙarfi, modulus na sassauci, juriya ga tasiri, ƙarfin tensile da lankwasawa yana da girma sosai, ba ya ƙonewa, juriya ga sanyi, juriya ga canje-canjen zafin jiki da danshi, juriya ga fashewa, juriya ga zubewa yana da kyau, tare da ƙira mai ƙarfi, mai sauƙin samarwa, da sauransu, fiberglass mai jure wa alkali sabon nau'in kayan ƙarfafawa ne wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a cikin siminti mai ƙarfi (siminti). Kayan ƙarfafa kore.

(5) Gilashi
Wanda kuma aka sani da babban gilashin alkali, gilashin silicate ne na sodium, saboda rashin juriyar ruwa, wanda ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba wajen samar da fiberglass.

(6) Gilashin E-CR
Gilashin E-CR wani nau'in gilashi ne mai inganci wanda ba shi da sinadarin boron, wanda ake amfani da shi wajen samar da fiberglass mai kyawun juriya ga acid da ruwa. Juriyarsa ta ruwa ta ninka ta fiberglass mara sinadarin alkali sau 7-8, kuma juriyarsa ta acid ta fi ta fiberglass mai matsakaicin alkaline kyau, kuma sabon nau'in gilashi ne da aka ƙera don bututun ƙarƙashin ƙasa da tankunan ajiya.

(7) Gilashin D
Ana kuma san shi da ƙaramin gilashin dielectric, ana amfani da shi don samar da ƙaramin fiberglass mai ƙarancin dielectric tare da ƙarfin dielectric mai kyau.
Baya ga abubuwan da ke cikin fiberglass da ke sama, yanzu akwai sabon abufiberglass mara alkali, ba shi da boron gaba ɗaya, ta haka yana rage gurɓatar muhalli, amma kaddarorinsa na kariya daga wutar lantarki da halayen injiniyanci sun yi kama da na gilashin E na gargajiya.
Akwai kuma wani nau'in fiberglass mai gilashi biyu, wanda aka yi amfani da shi wajen samar da ulu na gilashi, kuma a cikin kayan ƙarfafa filastik da aka ƙarfafa, akwai kuma damar. Bugu da ƙari, akwai zare na gilashi marasa fluorine, an ƙera su don buƙatun muhalli da ingantaccen fiberglass mara alkali.

7. gano babban fiberglass na alkali
Gwajin hanya ce mai sauƙi ta sanya zare a cikin ruwan zãfi kuma a dafa na tsawon awanni 6-7, idan fiberglass ne mai yawan alkali, bayan tafasa ruwan bayan dafawa, zare ɗin ya yi laushi da laushi.

8. Akwai nau'ikan tsarin samar da fiberglass guda biyu
a) Gyaran sau biyu - hanyar zane mai kama da ƙwallo;
b) Gyaran lokaci ɗaya - hanyar zane na murhun tafki.
Tsarin hanyar zane mai kama da ƙwallo, na farko narkewar kayan da aka yi da ƙwallan gilashi mai zafi sosai, sannan na biyu narkewar ƙwallan gilashi, zane mai sauri da aka yi da filaments na fiberglass. Wannan tsari yana da yawan amfani da makamashi, tsarin ƙera kayan ba shi da tabbas, ƙarancin yawan aiki da sauran rashin amfani, wanda manyan masana'antun fiber na gilashi ke kawar da shi.

9. Na yau da kullunGilashin fiberglassTsarin aiki
Hanyar zana chlorite da sauran kayan da aka yi amfani da su a cikin murhu ta wurin wanka da aka narke a cikin murhu ta zama ruwan gilashi, ban da kumfa mai iska ta hanyar da aka kai zuwa farantin zubar da ruwa mai zurfi, zane mai sauri a cikin filament ɗin fiberglass. Ana iya haɗa murhun zuwa ɗaruruwan bangarori ta hanyoyi da yawa don samarwa a lokaci guda. Wannan tsari yana da sauƙi, yana adana kuzari, yana da ƙarfi, yana da inganci sosai kuma yana da yawan amfanin ƙasa, don sauƙaƙe samar da babban sikelin atomatik, kuma ya zama babban abin da ake amfani da shi a cikin tsarin samar da kayayyaki na duniya, tare da tsarin samar da fiberglass ya ƙunshi fiye da kashi 90% na samarwa a duniya.