labarai

Gilashin E-glass (fiberglass maras alkali)samarwa a cikin tanda na tanki wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa, tsarin narkewa mai zafi. Bayanan zafin jiki na narkewa shine mahimmancin sarrafa tsari, kai tsaye yana tasiri ingancin gilashi, ingantaccen narkewa, amfani da makamashi, rayuwar tanderun, da aikin fiber na ƙarshe. Wannan bayanin martabar zafin jiki yana samuwa da farko ta hanyar daidaita halayen harshen wuta da haɓaka wutar lantarki.

I. Narkewar Zazzabi na E-Glass

1. Narkewar Yanayin Zazzabi:

Cikakken narkewa, bayani, da daidaituwa na E-glass yawanci yana buƙatar yanayin zafi sosai. Yanayin narkewa na yau da kullun (tabo mai zafi) gabaɗaya ya bambanta daga 1500 ° C zuwa 1600 ° C.

Takamammen zafin zafin da aka yi niyya ya dogara da:

* Haɗin Batch: Takamaiman ƙira (misali, kasancewar fluorine, babban abun ciki na boron, kasancewar titanium) yana shafar halayen narkewa.

* Designirƙirar Tanderu: Nau'in murhun wuta, girman, tasirin rufewa, da tsarin ƙonawa.

* Manufofin samarwa: ƙimar narkewa da ake so da buƙatun ingancin gilashi.

* Kayayyakin Refractory: Matsakaicin lalata na kayan refractory a babban yanayin zafi yana iyakance zafin sama.

Yanayin zafin yanki na fining yawanci yana ɗan ƙasa da yanayin zafi mai zafi (kimanin 20-50 ° C ƙasa) don sauƙaƙe cire kumfa da haɗin gilasai.

Ƙarshen aiki (forhearth) zafin jiki yana da ƙananan ƙananan (yawanci 1200 ° C - 1350 ° C), yana kawo gilashin narke zuwa danko da kwanciyar hankali don zane.

2. Muhimmancin Kula da Zazzabi:

* Ingantaccen Narkewa: isassun yanayin zafi yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cikakkiyar amsawar kayan batch (yashi quartz, pyrophyllite, boric acid/colemanite, farar ƙasa, da sauransu), cikakken narkar da ƙwayar yashi, da cikakkiyar sakin gas. Rashin isasshen zafin jiki zai iya haifar da ragowar "danyen abu" (ɓangarorin ma'adini mara narkewa), duwatsu, da ƙãra kumfa.

* Ingancin Gilashin: Babban yanayin zafi yana haɓaka haske da daidaituwar narkewar gilashin, rage lahani kamar igiyoyi, kumfa, da duwatsu. Waɗannan lahani suna yin tasiri sosai ga ƙarfin fiber, ƙimar karyewa, da ci gaba.

* Danko: Zazzabi kai tsaye yana tasiri dankowar gilashin. Zane fiber yana buƙatar narke gilashin ya kasance cikin kewayon ɗanƙoƙi na musamman.

* Lalacewar Abun Refractory: matsanancin yanayin zafi yana haɓaka lalata kayan murhun wuta (musamman tubalin AZS masu amfani da lantarki), yana rage rayuwar tanderu da yuwuwar gabatar da tsakuwa.

* Amfanin Makamashi: Kula da yanayin zafi shine farkon tushen amfani da makamashi a cikin tanderun tanki (yawanci lissafin sama da kashi 60% na yawan kuzarin samar da makamashi). Madaidaicin sarrafa zafin jiki don guje wa matsanancin zafi shine mabuɗin ceton kuzari.

II. Ka'idar harshen wuta

Tsarin harshen wuta shine ainihin hanyar sarrafa narkewar zafin jiki, cimma ingantaccen narkewa, da kuma kare tsarin tanderu (musamman kambi). Babban burinsa shine ƙirƙirar filin zafi mai kyau da yanayi.

1. Mahimman Ma'auni na Dokokin:

* Ratio-to-Air Ratio (Stoichiometric Ratio) / Oxygen-to-Fuel Ratio (na tsarin iskar oxygen):

* Manufar: Cimma cikakkiyar konewa. Konewar da ba ta cika ba tana ɓarna mai, tana rage zafin wuta, tana haifar da hayaƙi mai baƙar fata (soot) wanda ke gurɓata narkewar gilashin, kuma yana toshe na'urori masu canza zafi. Yawan iska yana ɗaukar zafi mai mahimmanci, yana rage ƙarfin zafi, kuma yana iya ƙara lalata oxidation kambi.

* Daidaitawa: Daidai sarrafa rabon iska zuwa man fetur bisa la'akari da binciken iskar gas (O₂, CO abun ciki).E-gilasiTanderun tanki yawanci suna kula da abubuwan da ke cikin bututun hayaki O₂ a kusan 1-3% (ƙonawa kaɗan kaɗan).

* Tasirin yanayi: Rabon iska-da-man kuma yana rinjayar yanayin tanderu (oxidizing ko ragewa), wanda ke da tasiri mai zurfi akan halayen wasu abubuwan da aka gyara (kamar baƙin ƙarfe) da launin gilashi. Koyaya, don gilashin E-gilashin (yana buƙatar bayyana gaskiya mara launi), wannan tasirin yana da ɗan ƙarami.

* Tsawon Harshe da Siffa:

* Manufar: Ƙirƙirar harshen wuta wanda ke rufe saman narke, yana da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙaƙƙarfan, kuma yana da kyakkyawan shimfidawa.

* Dogon harshen wuta vs. Gajeren harshen wuta:

* Dogon harshen wuta: Yana rufe babban yanki, rarraba zafin jiki ba shi da ɗanɗano iri ɗaya, kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin girgizar zafi zuwa kambi. Koyaya, kololuwar yanayin zafi na gida bazai isa ba, kuma shiga cikin rukunin "hakowa" na iya zama rashin isa.

* Short Flame: Ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, babban zafin jiki na gida, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a cikin layin batch, mai dacewa da saurin narkewar “kayan daki.” Koyaya, ɗaukar hoto ba daidai ba ne, cikin sauƙi yana haifar da zazzaɓi na gida (mafi bayyanannun wuraren zafi), da gagarumin girgizar zafi zuwa kambi da bangon nono.

* Daidaitawa: An samu ta hanyar daidaita kusurwar bindiga mai ƙona wuta, saurin fitar mai/iska (raɗin lokacin), da ƙarfin juyawa. Tushen tanki na zamani yakan yi amfani da ƙona mai daidaita matakan matakai da yawa.

* Jagoran Harshen Harshe (Angle):

* Manufar: Canja wurin zafi yadda ya kamata zuwa tsari da gilashin narke saman, guje wa tashewar harshen wuta kai tsaye akan kambi ko bangon nono.

* Daidaita: Daidaita farar (a tsaye) da yaw (a kwance) kusurwoyin bindigar kuna.

* Matsakaicin Matsayi: Yana shafar hulɗar harshen wuta tare da tarin batch ("lasa tsari") da ɗaukar saman narke. Kusurwar da ta yi ƙasa da ƙasa (harshen harshen wuta ya yi ƙasa sosai) na iya zazzage saman narke ko tari, yana haifar da ɗaukar nauyi wanda ke lalata bangon ƙirjin. Kusurwar da ta yi tsayi da yawa (harshen wuta ya yi sama sosai) yana haifar da ƙarancin ƙarancin zafi da dumama kambi.

* Yaw Angle: Yana shafar rarraba harshen wuta a fadin faɗuwar tanderun da wuri mai zafi.

2. Manufofin Ka'idar Harshen Harshe:

* Samar da Tabo mai zafi na Rational: Ƙirƙiri yankin zafin jiki mafi girma (tabo mai zafi) a cikin ɓangaren baya na tanki mai narkewa (yawanci bayan gidan kare). Wannan yanki ne mai mahimmanci don bayanin gilashin da daidaitawa, kuma yana aiki azaman "injin" mai sarrafa kwararar gilashin (daga wurin zafi zuwa caja na tsari da ƙarshen aiki).

* Duminsa Uniform Melt Surface Dumama: Guji zafi a cikin gida ko sanyi, rage rashin daidaituwa da "yankin da suka mutu" sakamakon gradients zafin jiki.

* Kare Tsarin Tanderu: Hana tashewar wuta akan kambi da bangon nono, nisantar ɗumamar yanayi wanda ke haifar da haɓakar lalata.

* Ingantacciyar Canja wurin zafi: Haɓaka ingancin mai haske da canja wurin zafi mai zafi daga harshen wuta zuwa tsari da fuskar gilashin narke.

* Filin Tsayayyen Zazzabi: Rage sauye-sauye don tabbatar da ingantaccen ingancin gilashi.

III. Haɗaɗɗen Sarrafa Narkewar Zazzabi da Ka'idar Hara

1. Zazzabi shine Makasudin, Harshe shine Ma'anar: Tsarin harshen wuta shine hanya ta farko don sarrafa rarraba zafin jiki a cikin tanderun, musamman ma yanayin zafi da zafin jiki.

2. Ma'auni na Zazzabi da Bayani: Ana ci gaba da lura da zafin jiki ta amfani da thermocouples, infrared pyrometers, da sauran kayan aiki da aka sanya su a wurare masu mahimmanci a cikin tanderun (caja, yanki mai narkewa, wuri mai zafi, yankin fining, forehearth). Waɗannan ma'auni suna aiki azaman tushen daidaitawar harshen wuta.

3. Tsarin Kulawa ta atomatik: Manyan tankunan tanki na zamani suna amfani da tsarin DCS/PLC sosai. Waɗannan tsarin suna sarrafa harshen wuta da zafin jiki ta atomatik ta hanyar daidaita sigogi kamar kwararar mai, kwararar iska mai ƙonewa, kusurwa mai ƙonawa/dampers, dangane da matakan zafin da aka saita da ma'auni na ainihi.

4. Tsarin Ma'auni: Yana da mahimmanci don nemo ma'auni mafi kyau a tsakanin tabbatar da ingancin gilashin (narkewar zafi mai zafi, kyakkyawan bayani da kuma homogenization) da kuma kare tanderun (kauce wa zafin jiki mai yawa, ƙarancin wuta) yayin da rage yawan amfani da makamashi.