labarai

Gilashin lantarki (fiberglass mara alkaline)Samar da shi a cikin tanderun tanki tsari ne mai sarkakiya, mai yawan zafin jiki. Tsarin zafin narkewa muhimmin abu ne wajen sarrafa tsari, wanda ke tasiri kai tsaye ga ingancin gilashi, ingancin narkewa, amfani da makamashi, tsawon lokacin tanderun, da kuma aikin zare na ƙarshe. Wannan yanayin zafin ana cimma shi ne ta hanyar daidaita halayen harshen wuta da haɓaka wutar lantarki.

I. Zafin Narkewa na Gilashin E

1. Yanayin Zafin Narkewa:

Narkewa, haske, da kuma daidaita gilashin E-glass gaba ɗaya yawanci yana buƙatar zafi mai yawa. Yanayin zafin narkewa na yau da kullun (wurin zafi) yawanci yana tsakanin 1500°C zuwa 1600°C.

Yanayin zafin da aka yi niyya ya dogara da:

* Tsarin Rukunin: Takamaiman tsari (misali, kasancewar fluorine, yawan sinadarin boron/ƙaraminsa, kasancewar titanium) yana shafar halayen narkewa.

* Tsarin Murhu: Nau'in murhu, girma, tasirin rufi, da kuma tsarin ƙona wuta.

* Manufofin Samarwa: Bukatun da ake buƙata na rage narkewar ruwa da ingancin gilashi.

* Kayan da ke hana tsatsa: Yawan tsatsa na kayan da ke hana tsatsa a yanayin zafi mai yawa yana iyakance zafin sama.

Zafin yankin fining yawanci yana ƙasa da zafin wurin zafi (kimanin 20-50°C ƙasa) don sauƙaƙe cire kumfa da daidaita gilashin.

Zafin aikin (na gaba) yana da ƙasa sosai (yawanci 1200°C – 1350°C), yana kawo narkewar gilashin zuwa ga ɗanko da kwanciyar hankali da ya dace don zane.

2. Muhimmancin Kula da Zafin Jiki:

* Ingancin Narkewa: Yanayin zafi mai yawa yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da cikakken amsawar kayan aiki (yashi mai siffar quartz, pyrophyllite, boric acid/colemanite, limestone, da sauransu), narke cikakken ƙwayar yashi, da kuma fitar da iskar gas sosai. Rashin isasshen zafin jiki na iya haifar da ragowar "danye" (ƙwayoyin quartz da ba a narke ba), duwatsu, da ƙaruwar kumfa.

* Ingancin Gilashi: Zafin jiki mai yawa yana inganta haske da daidaita narkewar gilashin, yana rage lahani kamar igiyoyi, kumfa, da duwatsu. Waɗannan lahani suna da matuƙar tasiri ga ƙarfin zare, saurin karyewa, da ci gaba.

* Danko: Zafin jiki yana tasiri kai tsaye ga danko na narkewar gilashin. Zane-zanen zare yana buƙatar narkewar gilashin ya kasance cikin takamaiman kewayon danko.

* Tsaftace Kayan da ke Rage Karfin Karfi: Zafin jiki mai yawa yana hanzarta tsatsage kayan da ke Rage Karfin Karfi na tanderu (musamman tubalan AZS da aka haɗa da wutar lantarki), yana rage tsawon rayuwar tanderu da kuma yiwuwar shigar da duwatsu masu ratsa karfi.

* Amfani da Makamashi: Kula da yanayin zafi mai yawa shine babban tushen amfani da makamashi a cikin tanderun tanki (yawanci yana ɗaukar sama da kashi 60% na jimlar amfani da makamashin samarwa). Daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki don guje wa yanayin zafi mai yawa shine mabuɗin adana makamashi.

II. Tsarin Wutar Lantarki

Tsarin sarrafa harshen wuta muhimmin hanya ce ta sarrafa rarraba yanayin zafi na narkewa, cimma narkar da shi yadda ya kamata, da kuma kare tsarin tanderun (musamman kambin). Babban burinsa shine ƙirƙirar yanayin zafi mai kyau da yanayi.

1. Ma'aunin Dokokin Muhimmanci:

* Rabon Mai-zuwa-Air (Rabon Stoichiometric) / Rabon Oxygen-zuwa-Mai (ga tsarin Oxygen-man fetur):

* Manufa: Cimma cikakken ƙonewa. Rashin cikakken ƙonewa yana ɓatar da mai, yana rage zafin wuta, yana samar da hayaƙi baƙi (toka) wanda ke gurɓata narkewar gilashin, kuma yana toshe masu sake samar da wutar lantarki/masu musayar zafi. Iska mai yawa tana ɗauke da zafi mai yawa, tana rage ingancin zafi, kuma tana iya ƙara tsatsawar iskar shaka ta kambi.

* Daidaitawa: Daidaita rabon iska-da-man fetur bisa ga nazarin iskar gas (O₂, abun ciki na CO2).Gilashin lantarkiTanderun tankuna yawanci suna riƙe da sinadarin iskar gas mai guba O₂ a kusan kashi 1-3% (ƙarancin ƙonewa mai ƙarfi).

* Tasirin Yanayi: Rabon iska da mai kuma yana tasiri ga yanayin tanderu (mai guba ko ragewa), wanda ke da tasiri a kan halayen wasu abubuwan da aka haɗa (kamar ƙarfe) da launin gilashi. Duk da haka, ga gilashin E (yana buƙatar bayyanawa mara launi), wannan tasirin ba shi da yawa.

* Tsawon Wuta da Siffa:

* Manufa: Samar da harshen wuta wanda ke rufe saman narkewa, yana da takamaiman tauri, kuma yana da kyakkyawan iya yaɗuwa.

* Dogon Wuta da Gajeren Wuta:

* Dogon Wuta: Yana rufe babban yanki, rarrabawar zafin jiki iri ɗaya ne, kuma yana haifar da ƙarancin girgizar zafi ga kambin. Duk da haka, kololuwar zafin jiki na gida bazai isa ba, kuma shiga cikin yankin "haƙa" na iya zama bai isa ba.

* Gajeren harshen wuta: Ƙarfin tauri, yawan zafin jiki na gida, ƙarfin shiga cikin layin rukuni, wanda ke taimakawa wajen narkewar "kayan ƙasa." Duk da haka, rufewar ba ta daidaita ba, tana haifar da zafi mai yawa a wurare daban-daban (mafi tsananin zafi), da kuma girgizar zafi mai yawa ga kambi da bangon ƙirji.

* Daidaitawa: Ana cimma hakan ta hanyar daidaita kusurwar bindigar ƙona wuta, saurin fitar da mai/iska (rabowar motsi), da kuma ƙarfin juyawa. Tanderun tankuna na zamani galibi suna amfani da na'urorin ƙonawa masu matakai da yawa.

* Hanyar Wuta (Kusurwa):

* Manufa: A mayar da zafi yadda ya kamata zuwa wurin narkewar gilashi da kuma wurin da aka narke, a guji taruwar harshen wuta kai tsaye a kan kambi ko bangon ƙirji.

* Daidaitawa: Daidaita kusurwoyin sautin (tsaye) da kuma yaw (kwance) na bindigar mai ƙona wuta.

* Kusurwar Sauti: Yana shafar hulɗar harshen wuta da tarin rukuni ("lasar rukunin") da kuma rufe saman narkewa. Kusurwar da ta yi ƙasa sosai (harshen ya yi ƙasa sosai) na iya zagaya saman narkewa ko tarin rukuni, wanda ke haifar da ɗaukar kaya wanda ke lalata bangon ƙirji. Kusurwar da ta yi tsayi sosai (harshen ya yi sama sosai) tana haifar da ƙarancin ingancin zafi da dumama kambin da ya wuce kima.

* Kusurwar Yaw: Yana shafar rarraba harshen wuta a faɗin tanda da kuma wurin da aka sanya masa zafi.

2. Manufofin Dokar Wutar Lantarki:

* Samar da Wurin Zafi Mai Ma'ana: Ƙirƙiri yankin zafi mafi girma (wurin zafi) a bayan tankin narkewa (yawanci bayan gidan kare). Wannan shine muhimmin yanki don haskaka gilashi da daidaitawa, kuma yana aiki azaman "injini" wanda ke sarrafa kwararar narkewar gilashin (daga wurin zafi zuwa caja da ƙarshen aiki).

* Dumama saman da ke narkewa iri ɗaya: Guji yawan zafi ko rashin sanyaya wuri, rage rashin daidaiton convection da "wuraren da ba su da kyau" da ke haifar da canjin yanayin zafi.

* Kare Tsarin Tanderu: Hana harshen wuta a kan kambi da bangon ƙirji, guje wa zafi mai yawa a wuri guda wanda ke haifar da tsatsa mai saurin hana tsatsa.

* Ingancin Canja wurin Zafi: Inganta ingancin canja wurin zafi mai haske da mai juyewa daga harshen wuta zuwa saman narkewar gilashi.

* Filin Zafin Tsayi Mai Tsayi: Rage canzawa don tabbatar da ingancin gilashi mai dorewa.

III. Haɗaɗɗen Sarrafa Zafin Narkewa da Tsarin Wuta

1. Zafin jiki shine Manufar, Wuta shine Hanyar: Tsarin wuta shine babbar hanyar sarrafa rarrabawar zafin jiki a cikin tanderu, musamman matsayin wurin zafi da zafin jiki.

2. Auna Zafin Jiki da Ra'ayoyin Masu Amfani: Ana ci gaba da sa ido kan zafin jiki ta amfani da na'urorin thermocouples, infrared pyrometers, da sauran kayan aiki da aka sanya a wurare masu mahimmanci a cikin tanderu (caja, yankin narkewa, wurin zafi, yankin fining, da kuma gaban ƙasa). Waɗannan ma'aunai suna aiki a matsayin tushen daidaita harshen wuta.

3. Tsarin Sarrafa Ta atomatik: Manyan tankuna na zamani suna amfani da tsarin DCS/PLC sosai. Waɗannan tsarin suna sarrafa harshen wuta da zafin jiki ta atomatik ta hanyar daidaita sigogi kamar kwararar mai, kwararar iskar konewa, kusurwar ƙonawa/dampers, bisa ga lanƙwasa zafin da aka saita da kuma ma'aunin lokaci-lokaci.

4. Daidaiton Tsarin Aiki: Yana da mahimmanci a sami daidaito mafi kyau tsakanin tabbatar da ingancin gilashi (narkewar zafi mai yawa, ingantaccen haske da daidaitawa) da kuma kare murhun (guje wa yanayin zafi mai yawa, toshewar harshen wuta) yayin da ake rage amfani da makamashi.