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Kayan Graphene

Graphene wani abu ne na musamman wanda ya ƙunshi wani yanki guda na ƙwayoyin carbon. Yana nuna ƙarfin lantarki mai yawa, wanda ya kai 10⁶ S/m—sau 15 na jan ƙarfe—wanda hakan ya sa ya zama abu mafi ƙarancin juriyar lantarki a Duniya. Bayanai kuma sun nuna cewa ƙarfin lantarki zai iya kaiwa 1515.2 S/cm. A fannin kayan polymer, graphene yana da babban ƙarfin amfani.

Idan aka haɗa shi a matsayin ƙarin kayan polymer, graphene yana ƙara yawan wutar lantarki da juriyar lalacewa sosai. Ƙara graphene yana ƙara yawan wutar lantarki, yana samar da kyakkyawan aiki a cikin na'urorin lantarki, batura, da makamantansu. Ƙarfinsa kuma yana inganta halayen injiniya na kayan polymer, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da sassan da ake buƙata sosai kamar su sararin samaniya da kera motoci.

Haɗaɗɗun Kayan Carbon Fiber Masu Aiki Mai Kyau

Zaren carbon abu ne mai sauƙi kamar gashin fuka-fuki amma yana da ƙarfi kamar ƙarfe, yana riƙe da matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin kayan. Ta hanyar amfani da ƙarancin yawa da ƙarfinsa mai yawa, zaren carbon yana samun mahimman amfani a cikin kera motoci da sararin samaniya.

A fannin kera motoci, ana amfani da shi don gina jikin mota da kuma ƙera sassan jiki, yana ƙara ƙarfin abin hawa gaba ɗaya yayin da yake rage nauyi da kuma inganta ingancin mai. A fannin sararin samaniya, yana aiki a matsayin kayan aiki mai kyau ga sassan tsarin jiragen sama, yana rage nauyin jirgin sama yadda ya kamata, yana rage yawan amfani da makamashi, da kuma inganta aikin tashi.

Kayan Aikin Semiconductor Na Ci Gaba

A wannan zamani na ci gaban fasahar bayanai cikin sauri, akwai buƙatar haɓaka fasaha a dukkan fannoni. Masana'antar kera kayan lantarki tana nuna babban buƙatu kuma tana ci gaba da ƙaruwa don kayan semiconductor masu inganci. A matsayin tushen fasahar lantarki ta zamani, ingancin kayan semiconductor kai tsaye yana ƙayyade saurin aiki, inganci, da aikin na'urorin lantarki.

A matakin ƙananan halittu, halaye kamar halayen lantarki, tsarin lu'ulu'u, da abubuwan da ke cikin ƙazanta suna tasiri sosai ga aikin na'urorin lantarki. Misali, kayan semiconductor masu motsi mai ƙarfi suna ba da damar saurin motsi na lantarki, suna ƙara saurin lissafi. Tsarkakakkun tsarin lu'ulu'u suna rage watsawar electrons, suna ƙara haɓaka aikinsu.

A aikace-aikace na zahiri, waɗannan kayan semiconductor masu aiki sosai suna samar da tushe don ƙera na'urorin lantarki masu sauri da inganci kamar wayoyin komai da ruwanka, na'urorin sarrafa kwamfuta, da na'urorin sadarwa masu sauri. Suna ba da damar rage girman na'urorin lantarki da kuma yin aiki mai girma, wanda ke ba da damar haɗa ƙarin na'urori masu aiki a cikin ɗan gajeren sarari. Wannan yana sauƙaƙa aiwatar da ayyukan lissafi da sarrafawa masu rikitarwa, wanda ke biyan buƙatun tattara bayanai da sarrafa su da ke ƙaruwa koyaushe. Kayan resin da suka shafi kera semiconductor sun cancanci kulawa.

Kayan Bugawa na 3D

Daga ƙarfe zuwa robobi, ci gaban fasahar buga 3D ya dogara ne akan tallafin kayan aiki daban-daban, tare da waɗannan kayan suna da amfani mai yawa da mahimmanci a fannin kayan polymer.

Ana amfani da kayan ƙarfe a cikin bugu na 3D don ƙera abubuwan da ke buƙatar ƙarfi da daidaito mai yawa, kamar sassan injin a cikin sararin samaniya da dashen ƙarfe a cikin na'urorin likitanci. Kayan filastik, tare da halaye daban-daban da sauƙin sarrafawa, sun sami fa'ida sosai a cikin bugu na 3D.

Kayan polymer suna samar da muhimmin sashi na kayan bugawa na 3D, wanda ke buɗe ƙarin damammaki ga fasahar. Ƙwayoyin polymer na musamman waɗanda ke da kyakkyawan jituwa da halittu suna ba da damar buga katangar nama mai injinan bioengineered. Wasu ƙwayoyin polymer suna da halaye na musamman na gani ko na lantarki, suna biyan takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikace. Na'urorin thermoplastics, waɗanda aka narke ta hanyar dumama, suna ba da damar ajiye layuka-da-layi don ƙera siffofi masu rikitarwa cikin sauri, suna sa su zama da amfani sosai a cikin ƙirar samfura da keɓancewa na musamman.

Wannan tallafin kayan aiki daban-daban yana bawa fasahar buga 3D damar zaɓar kayan aiki masu dacewa don kera su bisa ga buƙatu daban-daban, wanda hakan ke sa samarwa akan buƙata ya zama gaskiya. Ko don keɓance kayan aiki a masana'antu ko samar da na'urorin likitanci na musamman a fannin kiwon lafiya, buga 3D yana amfani da albarkatun kayansa masu yawa don cimma ingantaccen kera kayayyaki, wanda ke haifar da sauye-sauye masu sauye-sauye a fannoni daban-daban.

Kayan Aiki Masu Daraja

A matsayinsu na kayan da ke da halaye na musamman na zahiri, superconductors suna da matsayi mai mahimmanci a fannin kimiyyar kayan aiki, musamman a aikace-aikacen da suka shafi watsa wutar lantarki da kuma abubuwan da ke faruwa a electromagnetic. Mafi kyawun halayyar kayan superconductors shine ikonsu na gudanar da wutar lantarki ba tare da juriya ba a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi. Wannan kadara tana ba superconductors damar amfani da su sosai a fannin watsa wutar lantarki.

A cikin hanyoyin watsa wutar lantarki na gargajiya, juriyar da ke cikin masu sarrafa wutar lantarki yana haifar da asarar makamashi mai yawa a cikin nau'in zafi. Amfani da kayan da ke sarrafa wutar lantarki yana alƙawarin kawo sauyi ga wannan yanayi. Idan aka yi amfani da su a cikin layukan watsa wutar lantarki, wutar lantarki tana gudana ta cikinsu ba tare da wata matsala ba, wanda ke haifar da kusan babu asarar makamashin lantarki. Wannan yana haɓaka ingancin watsawa sosai, yana rage ɓarnar makamashi, kuma yana rage tasirin muhalli.

Kayan aikin superconductor suma suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin jigilar maganadisu. Jiragen Maglev suna amfani da manyan filayen maganadisu da kayan superconductor ke samarwa don yin mu'amala da filayen maganadisu da ke kan hanya, wanda hakan ke ba jirgin damar yin levitation da aiki a manyan gudu. Sifili na kayan superconductor yana tabbatar da dorewar samarwa da kula da filayen maganadisu, yana samar da daidaiton levitation da ƙarfin turawa. Wannan yana bawa jiragen ƙasa damar tafiya a manyan gudu tare da aiki mai sauƙi, wanda hakan ke canza hanyoyin sufuri na gargajiya.

Fa'idodin amfani da kayan superconductor suna da faɗi sosai. Bayan tasirinsu mai yawa a watsa wutar lantarki da jigilar maganadisu, suna da ƙima mai yawa a wasu fannoni kamar fasahar daukar hoton maganadisu (MRI) a cikin kayan aikin likita da kuma na'urorin haɓaka barbashi a cikin binciken kimiyyar lissafi mai ƙarfi.

Kayan Bionic Mai Wayo

A cikin babban fannin kimiyyar kayan aiki, akwai wani nau'in kayan aiki na musamman wanda ke kwaikwayon tsarin halittu da ake samu a yanayi, yana nuna kyawawan halaye. Waɗannan kayan suna da matuƙar muhimmanci a ɓangaren kayan polymer. Suna iya mayar da martani ga canje-canjen muhalli, gyara kansu, har ma da tsaftace kansu.

Wasu kayan polymer masu wayo suna da halaye waɗanda ke kwaikwayon tsarin halittu. Misali, wasu polymer hydrogels suna samun wahayi daga tsarin da ke cikin ƙwayoyin halitta. Waɗannan hydrogels na iya jin canje-canjen danshi a muhallinsu: lokacin da danshi ya ragu, suna raguwa don rage asarar ruwa; kuma suna faɗaɗa don sha danshi lokacin da danshi ya ƙaru, ta haka suna mayar da martani ga matakan danshi na muhalli.

Dangane da warkar da kai, wasu kayan polymeric da ke ɗauke da haɗin sinadarai na musamman ko ƙananan tsari na iya gyara kansu ta atomatik bayan lalacewa. Misali, polymers masu haɗin covalent masu ƙarfi na iya sake tsara waɗannan haɗin a ƙarƙashin takamaiman yanayi lokacin da fashewar saman ta bayyana, suna warkar da lalacewar da kuma dawo da mutuncin kayan da aikinsu.

Don aikin tsaftace kai, wasu kayan polymeric suna cimma wannan ta hanyar tsarin saman musamman ko gyare-gyaren sinadarai. Misali, wasu kayan polymeric suna da tsarin ƙananan abubuwa masu kama da ganyen lotus. Wannan tsarin ƙananan abubuwa yana bawa digogin ruwa damar samar da beads a saman kayan kuma su tashi da sauri, a lokaci guda suna ɗauke da ƙura da datti, ta haka suna samun tasirin tsaftace kai.

Kayan da Za a iya Rushewa

A cikin al'ummar yau, ƙalubalen muhalli suna da tsanani, tare da ci gaba da barazana ga muhallin halittu masu gurɓatawa. A cikin fannin kayan aiki,kayan da za su iya lalata halittasun sami kulawa mai mahimmanci a matsayin mafita mai ɗorewa, suna nuna fa'idodi na musamman da ƙimar amfani mai mahimmanci, musamman a cikin fannin kayan polymeric.

A fannin likitanci, kayan da za su iya lalacewa suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Misali, ana yin dinki da ake amfani da shi don rufe rauni daga kayan polymer masu lalacewa. Waɗannan kayan suna lalacewa a hankali yayin aikin warkar da rauni, wanda hakan ke kawar da buƙatar cirewa da kuma rage rashin jin daɗin majiyyaci da haɗarin kamuwa da cuta.

A lokaci guda, ana amfani da polymers masu lalacewa sosai a cikin injiniyan nama da tsarin isar da magunguna. Suna aiki azaman kayan haɗin ƙwayoyin halitta, suna ba da tallafi ga tsarin girma da gyaran nama. Waɗannan kayan suna lalacewa akan lokaci ba tare da barin ragowar abubuwa a cikin jiki ba, don haka suna guje wa haɗarin lafiya.

A ɓangaren marufi, kayan da za su iya lalacewa suna da babban ƙarfin amfani. Marufi na filastik na gargajiya yana da wahalar lalacewa, wanda ke haifar da gurɓataccen fari. Kayayyakin marufi da aka yi da polymers masu lalacewa, kamar jakunkunan filastik da akwatuna, suna rikidewa a hankali su zama abubuwa marasa lahani ta hanyar ayyukan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin muhallin halitta bayan amfani, suna rage gurɓataccen iska mai ɗorewa. Misali, kayan marufi na polylactic acid (PLA) suna ba da kyawawan halaye na injiniya da sarrafawa don biyan buƙatun marufi na asali yayin da suke lalacewa, wanda hakan ke sa su zama madadin da ya dace.

Kayan Nano

A ci gaba da ci gaban kimiyyar kayan aiki, nanomaterials sun fito a matsayin wurin bincike da aikace-aikace saboda keɓantattun halayensu da kuma ikon sarrafa abubuwa a sikelin ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta. Suna kuma da matsayi mai mahimmanci a fannin kayan polymer. Ta hanyar sarrafa abubuwa a sikelin nano, waɗannan kayan suna nuna halaye na musamman waɗanda ke shirye su ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci a fannin magani, makamashi, da lantarki.

A fannin likitanci, keɓantattun halaye na nanomaterials suna gabatar da sabbin damammaki don gano cututtuka da magani. Misali, ana iya ƙera wasu kayan nanopolymer a matsayin motocin isar da magunguna da aka yi niyya. Waɗannan masu ɗaukar kaya suna isar da magunguna daidai ga ƙwayoyin da ke da rashin lafiya, suna haɓaka ingancin magani yayin da suke rage lalacewar kyallen lafiya. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da nanomaterials a cikin hoton likita - wakilan bambanci na nanoscale, misali, suna haɓaka haske da daidaito na hoto, suna taimaka wa likitoci wajen gano cututtuka daidai.

A ɓangaren makamashi, kayan nano materials suma suna nuna babban ƙarfin aiki. Misali, ɗauki nanocomposites na polymer, waɗanda ke samun aikace-aikace a fasahar batir. Haɗa kayan nanomaterials na iya ƙara yawan kuzarin batir da ingancin caji/fitarwa, ta haka ne inganta aiki gabaɗaya. Ga ƙwayoyin hasken rana, wasu kayan nanomaterials na iya haɓaka ɗaukar haske da ingancin juyawa, suna haɓaka ƙarfin samar da wutar lantarki na na'urorin photovoltaic.

Aikace-aikacen nanomaterials kuma suna faɗaɗa cikin sauri a cikin kayan lantarki. Kayan polymer na nanoscale suna ba da damar samar da ƙananan kayan lantarki masu aiki mafi girma. Misali, haɓaka nanotransistors yana ba da damar haɗakarwa da aiki cikin sauri a cikin na'urorin lantarki. Bugu da ƙari, nanomaterials suna sauƙaƙe ƙirƙirar na'urorin lantarki masu sassauƙa, suna biyan buƙatun da ke ƙaruwa na na'urorin lantarki masu ɗaukuwa da lanƙwasa.

a takaice

Ci gaban waɗannan kayan ba wai kawai zai haifar da sabbin abubuwa na fasaha ba, har ma zai samar da sabbin damammaki don magance ƙalubalen makamashi, muhalli, da lafiya a duniya.